2001: Naval Dockyards: Changes in Material and Technology.
2002: Naval Dockyards as Employer–Employee Communities.
2003: Preservation, Conservation and the Re-use of Dockyard Sites and Buildings.
Please note that a downloadable, printable PDF version of this index in A4 format is available for Members in the Members’ Area.
References to illustrations are in italics. Dates in brackets after ships’ names are launch dates.
A
Ackworth, Sir Jacob, Surveyor of the Navy 11
Acre: commandery of the Order of St John 66
Admiralty
copper bolts replace iron in the Swallow (14), HMS (1769) 17
copper sheathing trial (1761) 13
copper sheathing trial (1763) 15; see also copper
coppering programme for sloops and frigates (1776–77) 19
coppering programme for the fleet (1779–80) 22
Industrial Council (1963) 85
Mr Brisbane’s composition against shipworm 17
Mr Jackson’s liquid against shipworm 17
Second Sea Lord’s offices move to Portsmouth 90
Way Ahead Committee (1955) 83
Admiralty boroughs (after 1832) 79
Africa, HMS (1905) 85
Agamemnon, HMS (1906)
build time 49n19
guns sent to HMS Dreadnought 41, 49n19
al-Ashraf Khalil, Sultan: besieges Acre (1291) 66
Alarm (32), HMS (1758)
coppered for a voyage to Jamaica (1761) 13
coppering surveyed at Woolwich (1763) 13, 14, 21
re-coppered for a voyage to Jamaica (1763) 14, 28n44
repaired in Havana harbour (1762) 13
surveyed at Woolwich (1766) 15–16
wooden sheathing replaces copper (1769) 16
Albemarle, HMS (1901): build time 49n19
Alliance, USS (1778): coppered (1781) 23
America (60), HMS (1777), part-coppered (1760) 12
Amphitrite (24), HMS (1778), fitted with mixed-metal parts 20
Anglesey, copper mines 19, 23
Apsey, J., Head of the Construction Department, Portsmouth Dockyard (1910) 49n19
Ariadne (20), HMS (1776), coppered at Chatham (1776) 19
Ariadne, HMS (1898): Pollen’s fire-control system 45
Ariel (20), HMS (1777): copper sheathing and mixed metal braces and pintles (1777) 20
Argo Company 47
Argo fire-control system 43, 45–6, 47–8, 50n42, 50n55
Armstrong Whitworth, Elswick 42, 49n19
Arrol 38
Arsenale d’Italia, Malta: location map 67
artificers in the royal dockyards
paid from the Ordinary budget 79
pay and pensions 77
politics of 79
ash: for ship furnishings (14th c.) 68
Athenian (64), HMS (ex San Giovanni) (1769) 72
Attwick, William, ironmaster 52
Attwood, Mr, assistant constructor (1905–6) 40, 41
Aurora (32), HMS (1776): coppered at Chatham (1769) 17, 20
B
Bacon, Captain Reginald, Director of Naval Ordnance and Naval Assistant to the First Sea Lord 46, 47, 48n3, 49n6, 50n39
Bage, Charles, and fireproof textile mills (1790s) 31
Bailey (Malta) Ltd. 84
Ballantyne, Mr, assistant constructor (1905) 40
Barr and Stroud range finder 43, 45, 50n50
Barry, Captain Henry Deacon, Director of Naval Ordnance (1903–4) 47
Bartlett, Mr, copper contractor (1770) 29
Base Reuse Committee (US) 93
Bately, William, Surveyor of the Navy, and copper sheathing 12
Battenberg see Louis of Battenberg
battlecruisers 38, 44
beaches: for galley construction and repair (14th c.) 68
Beardmore, Dalmuir 38, 41, 49n19
Belasm, Mr, assistant constructor (1905) 40
Belfast 38
Bellerophon, HMS (1907): build time 49n19
Bellona (74), HMS (1760): coppered model shown to George III 22
Bentham, Sir Samuel, Inspector General of Naval Works 34, 75, 76
Bentinck, Lord William 76
Beresford, Lord Charles 47
Bermuda Dockyard: tourist attraction 91
Bernard, Mr, and composition against the shipworm 19
Bertaud, Mr, and composition for wood sheathing 13
Biles, Professor J. H. 48n3
Birgu, Malta
arsenal (16th c.) 70
location map 67
‘black stuff’, for sheathing ships 10
blast furnaces 53
Blatherwick, G. 52
Bluestreak guided missile 85, 86
Bolton, Matthew 26
bolts, brass 26
bolts, copper, see under copper
bolts, iron 20, 25, 26
bolts, mixed-metal 26
Bombay Castle (74), HMS (1782): while in Ordinary copper-fastened and re-coppered (1786) 26
Bond, J. R., naval constructor (1905) 40
Bor, Brigadier Jacob (1713) 62
Boulton and Watt 52, 52–3
Bowmen, AB seaman gunner G. F., RNVR 49n35
Boyer’s pneumatic drill 38
Brass Company of Bristol see Bristol Brass Company
brass latten, for sheathing ships 10, 27
Bridge, Mr, and composition for wood sheathing 13
Brisbane, Mr, and composition for wood sheathing 17
Brisbane, Commodore John (1779) 23
Bristol Brass Company 10, 21
Britannia (100), HMS (1762), coppered using ‘prepared paper’ (1780) 22
Britannia, HMS (1904): build time 49n19
Brooks, John 45, 47
Brown, D. K. 42
Brown, David, Deputy Chief Naval Architect of the Royal Corps of Naval Constructors 41
Brown, John 38
‘brown stuff’, for sheathing ships 10
Bulwark, HMS (1899): build time 49n19
Burchett, Josiah, Secretary to the Admiralty Board 58
Byron, Commodore the Hon. John 15
C
C. H. Bailey 84
Cabot, Sebastian 10
Callaghan, Admiral George, Commander of Home Fleets 1912–14 59n31
Callington 78
Cammell Laird 49n19, 85
Campbell, Lt John (1796) 76
canvas, used to prevent electrolysis under copper sheathing 15, 16
Capello, Giacomo 71
careening
in Jamaica (1778) 20
in Rhodes (14th c.) 68
in Valletta Harbour, Malta (18th c.) 71
Carlile, Richard, The Trial 78
Carver, Richard: preventative against the ill effects of copper (1784) 26
Case for Chatham, The (1957) 84
Cavalier, HMS (1944) 85
Centaur (74), HMS (1759): founders (1782) 24, 25
Champion, Nehemiah 10
Chania naval yard, Crete 69
Charles V, Emperor 70
Chatham: as Admiralty borough (after 1832) 79
Chatham Dockyard
battleship building times (1893–1904) 49n19
builds HMS Africa (1905) 85
builds Oberon-class submarines 85
builds submarine C17 (1908) 85
builds submarine X1 (1923) 85
Case for Chatham, The (1957) 84
Cavalier, HMS (1944) 85
Clerk of the Checque (1712–16) 61, 62
Clerk of the Ropeyard’s clerk’s pay (1713) 62
Clerk of the Survey’s clerks’ pay (1713) 62
closed (1984) 86
closure proposed (1957–58) 83–4, 86
commissioners: see Littleton, Captain (later Admiral) James; St Lo, Captain George
coppers HMS Ariadne (20) (1776) 19
coppers HMS Aurora (32) (1769) 17, 20
coppers HMS Pegasus (14) (1776) 19
coppers HMS Stag (32) (1769) 17, 20
correspondence with the Admiralty and Navy Board (1712–16) 57, 57
Crowley, Sir Ambrose: supplier of nails and ironwork to 3.61
Dockyard Regiment (1715) 59
engineering patternmaker apprentices 82–3
established (1568) 82
iron roofs 33, 34
labour force (1712–16) 59, 62
malpractices (1712–16) 61
Master Attendant’s clerk’s pay (1713) 62
Master Shipwright’s clerk’s pay (1713) 62
No. 2 dock (2003) 86
No. 3 slip (2003) 85
nuclear submarine refitting complex (1968) 86
origin (1547) 81
refits HM Submarine Valiant (1970) 86
repayment work (after 1945) 82–3
sawmill constructed of cast iron (1812) 31
sheathes HMS Marlborough (74) with lead (1768) 18
sheathes HMS Marlborough (74) with wood (1770) 21
ship construction (1712–16) 61
ships in Ordinary copper-fastened and re-coppered (1786) 26
shoaling of the Medway 85, 86
smithery (1712–16) 61
Storekeeper’s clerks’ pay (1713) 62
suppliers of materials to 61
workforce
1824 76
1939–45 86
1984 86
Chatham Maritime 34
Chesapeake, Battle of (1781) 24
chestnut: for galley construction and repair (14th c.) 68
chronometers: Harrison’s H4 chronometer trialled by HMS Tartar (1763) 15
Clark, Celia, ‘Vintage Ports. Lessons in the Renewal of Historic Naval Dockyards: An International Perspective’ 89–102
Civil List Act (1831) 79
Clement V, Pope 67
Clevland, John, Secretary of the Admiralty 12
Clydebank 38
Coalbrookdale 54
Cock, Randolph, ‘At war with the worm: the Royal Navy’s fight against the shipworm and the barnacle, 1708–1793’ 9–30
Cockburn, Sir George, Second Naval Lord (1820) 78
Cokburn, George, Comptroller of the Navy, and copper sheathing 12
Collingwood, HMS (1908): build time 49n19
Collins, William, copper supplier (1780s) 20
Colomb (or Coulomb), François the Elder, master shipwright 72
Comino: ceded to the Knights of St John 70
Committee on Designs 37
Commonwealth, HMS (1903): build time 49n19
Constable, Mr, composition against the shipworm 19
Cook, Captain James 15
cooks, in ships in Ordinary (1714) 62
Cooper, Mr, assistant constructor (1905–6) 41
copper, used against shipworm
bolts
cold-rolled adopted (1783) 26
copper used in royal dockyards only 20
cost of (1783) 26
dimensions of 20
replace iron bolts 17, 25–6
used in frigates and sloops of 28 guns or fewer (1777) 20
used in larger ships (1778) 21
for sheathing ships 9
Alarm, HMS 13
Ariadne, HMS 19
Byron’s report on the Dolphin’s condition (1765) 15
coppering programme (1776–77) 19
coppering programme (1777) 20
coppering programme paused (1783) 25
coppering programme resumed (1786) 26
Cormorant, HMS 19
cost of 29n143
Daphne, HMS 19
dimensions of copper plates 28n40
electrolytic effect of iron nails described 14
fitted in the false keel 10, 15
fully coppered hulls proposed (1761) 12
Galatea, HMS 19
Hawke, HMS 19
Invincible, HMS 10
maintained by the ship’s carpenter 28n38
merchant vessels 23
Navy Board assessments 10–11
Norfolk, HMS 12
at overseas dockyards 28n75
Panther, HMS 12
Pegasus, HMS 19
Perseus, HMS 19
Piet Heyn and 10
‘prepared paper’ and 21
prevents fouling by dissolving in seawater 13
rudder braces and pintles 15, 16
speed of coppered ships 22, 23
Swift, HMS 19
Unicorn, HMS 19
see also French navy; Spanish navy
furnaces converted to sheathing plates at Deptford and Portsmouth (1768–70) 20
gates of the great basin at Portsmouth Dockyard 10
nails introduced (1759) 12
prevents marine growth 22
cordite charges, at Jutland 44
Cormorant (14), HMS (1776): coppered at Deptford (1776) 19
Cornwallis, HMS (1901): build time 49n19
corso (licensed piracy) 68
Cort, Henry, ironmaster 51–6
bankrupt 554
navy agent 51
patents grooved rollers (1783) 53
patents the puddling process (1784) 53
uses blast furnaces 53
works 51, 52, 52, 53, 54, 55
cotton: for sails 68, 72
Cranage, Thomas and George 54
Craycraft, John, boatswain of HMS Gloucester 59
Crease, Commander T. E. 49n6
Crete
arsenal 69
locator map 69
Crowley, Sir Ambrose: supplier of nails and ironwork to Chatham Dockyard 61
Crown (74), HMS (1782), copper inspected (1786) 26
Crozon Peninsula 90
Crystal Palace 31, 34
Cyprus, naval arsenal of the Knights of St John 66
galleys 66–7
Limassol 66
locator map 69
transport vessels 66
D
Dallias, Fra, Prior of Toulouse 71
Danish navy, coppering programme (18th c.) 23
Dante Alighieri 69
Daphne (20), HMS (1776), coppered at Woolwich (1775) 19
Darby, Abraham 54
Davis, Samuel, and copper sheathing 10–11
Davis, Thomas, and copper sheathing 10–11
Dawson, James, and ‘prepared paper’ 21
Dawson, Peter, ‘Admiralty and Navy Board Letters to Chatham Officers 1712–1716’ 57–63
de Grasse, Admiral François, on coppered ships 23
de Lucca, Denis 70
de Wignacourt, Adrien 71
Defence – Outline of Future Policy (1957) 83
Defense Base Closure and Realignment Act (1990) 93
Defensible Barracks, Pembroke: cast-iron construction 32, 33
debt, as indication of personal irresponsibility 77
Delcour, Peter, second clerk in the Timber Master’s office, Woolwich (1819) 78
Den Helder 89
Department of Defense (DOD) Authorization Act (1994) 93
Deptford: as Admiralty borough (after 1832) 79
Deptford Dockyard
copper furnaces converted to sheathing plates (1768–70) 20
coppers the Swallow packet (1778) 24
coppers HMS Tamar (16) (1764) 15
coppers HMS Tartar (28) (1763) 15
coppers the Thynne packet (1775) 24
Mr Bertaud’s composition for preserving ships’ bottoms 13
workforce (1824) 76
Derflinger, SMS, at Jutland 44
Devonport see Plymouth
Dixon, Thomas, joiner at Chatham Dockyard 62
Dogger Bank, Battle of (1915) 44
Dolphin (28), HMS (1751)
condition in the Straits of Magellan (1765) 15
copper rudder braces and pintles fitted 15, 16, 30n188
coppered for the Pacific (1764) 15
re-coppered (1766) 16
re-coppered at Deptford (1770) 17, 20
surveyed at Deptford after her circumnavigation (1766) 15, 16
surveyed at Deptford (1768) 17
Dominion, HMS (1903): build time 49n19
draughtsmen (1906) 40
Dreadnought, HMS (1906) 37–50
bows 42
construction 38–41, 49n18
control tops 42, 43
displacement and speed 42
fighting efficiency 43
fire control system 43, 45
fitting out 41–2, 49n18
galley 42–3
guns 41–3
keel-laying (1905) 39
launch 39, 40, 41
laying off in the mould loft 40–1
leaves Portsmouth 42
named 39, 41
propellers 42
range finder 45
West Indian cruise 42, 45,46
Dreadnought, HM Submarine (1960): built by Vickers 85
Dreyer, Captain Frederick C. 45
additional gunnery adviser in HMS Dreadnought 46
Admiralty favours his system 47, 48
Fire Control Table 45, 46, 50n42, 50n55
flag captain in HMS Iron Duke 48
gunnery lieutenant in HMS Exeter 46
Dumaresq tables 43
Duncan, HMS (1901): build time 49n19
Durston, Engineer Rear-Admiral Sir John, Engineering Chief of the Fleet 48n3
E
East India Company, coppering programme 23–4
Edward VII, King 38, 43
Egmont, John Percival, 2nd Earl of, First Lord of the Admiralty: and copper sheathing for ships 15
Egmont (74), HMS (1768): lead sheathing cancelled 18
electrolysis, effect of iron nails and bolts on copper sheathing described 14, 15, 18
in the Alarm (1766) 16
in the Dolphin (1766) 16
and mixed metal 20
prevented by flannel and canvas 15, 16
prevented by ‘prepared paper’ 21
Elliot Brothers 45, 48
elm: for ship furnishings (14th c.) 68
Elphinstone, Keith (of Elliot Brothers) 45, 48
Endeavour (6), HMS (1768): uncoppered bottom needs careening 15
Escola Naval, Lisbon 89
Europa (50), HMS (1783): built at Woolwich with copper bolts and sheathing (1778) 21
Eurydice (24), HMS (1781): fitted with mixed-metal parts (1777) 20
Euston Station: iron train-shed roof 33
Evershed bearing indicators 43
Excellent, HMS (gunnery school) 44
Exeter (64), HMS (1763): condemned (1783) 24, 25
Exeter, HMS (r. HMS Exmouth): battle practice (1904–06) 46
Exmouth, HMS (1901): build time 49n19
Experiment (50), HMS (1774): coppered using ‘prepared paper’ at Portsmouth (1779) 21
F
Fairfield Shipbuilding Company 48n3, 49n19
fir: for galley construction and repair (14th c.) 68
Fisher, John, First Sea Lord 37
armoured cruiser concept 38
CinC Portsmouth (1906) 37
considers battleships obsolete 38
National Necessities 38
naval superiority over Germany 43
and Pollen’s fire-control system 46
prime ministerial inquiry (1909) 47
Fisher, Roger, and ‘prepared paper’ 21
Flannel: used to prevent electrolysis under copper sheathing 15, 16
flax: for rope and caulking (14th c.) 68
Flint, copper rolling mills 23
Florry, Mr, proposes iron plated with lead for preserving ships’ bottoms (1772) 18
Forbes, William, copper supplier (1770s and 80s) 20, 26, 29n109, 29n183
Formidable, HMS (1898): build time 49n19
Fort Saint Angelo, Malta
location map 67
strengthened by the Knights of St John 70
Fox, Sir Charles 33
Fox Henderson & Co.
build Crystal Palace and Paddington Station 34
design the Captain Superintendent’s office at Pembroke Dockyard 33
re-formed (1841) 33
French navy: coppering programme 22–3, 28n38
Fresnell (or Fresnel), Desire 59
Froude, R. E., Superintendent of Admiralty Experimental Works 42, 48n3
Fulk, King of Jerusalem 73 n2
Funtley, Hants: ironworks at 51, 52
Furious, HMS (1896): 18in guns 43
G
Galatea (20), HMS (1776): coppered at Deptford (1775) 19
Galley Creek see Porto del Galere, Malta
galleys (Knights of St John) 67–8
galvanic action of iron nails on copper sheathing 14
Gard, W. H., Chief Constructor of Portsmouth Dockyard 37, 48n3
Genoa: corsairs 67
George III, approves the coppering programme (1779) 22
George Baker & Sons 34
Gibraltar Dockyard: closure (1958) 84
Gillingham (or Jillyngham) Water 81
Girlington, Captain Richard Thomas: leaves of absence (1713–14) 59
Glorieux (74), HMS (1756 as Fr. Glorieux): lost in a hurricane (1782) 24
Goliath (74), HMS (1781): copper inspected (1786) 26
Goodrich, Simon, Deputy Inspector of Naval Works at Portsmouth: visits Cort’s works (1806) 55
Gozo: ceded to the Knights of St John 70
Gracie, Alexander 48n3
Graham, Sir James 76
Graham Greene, W. 38
Grand Harbour, Malta: location map 67
Graves, Admiral Thomas 24
Greenwich: as Admiralty borough (after 1832) 79
gunnery, naval
salvo firing 50n39
guns, naval
cast-iron manufacture 53
Fisher’s policy 43
Dreadnought shell allowance 49n31
Vickers Mark X 41
H
Halls, Dartford 82
Harland and Wolff, Belfast 38
Harrison, John: H4 chronometer trialled by HMS Tartar (1763) 15
Havana harbour: repairs HMS Alarm (1762) 13
Hawke (8), HMS (1756)
coppered at Deptford (1769) 17
examined at Sheerness (1775) 19
sheathed with wood 28n99
Hawkins, Sir John: and sheathing against shipworm 10
heaters-up (1906) 39
hemp 72
Henderson, Commander W. 48n3
Henry II, King of Cyprus 67
Henslow, John, Surveyor of the Navy: and coppering ships 26
Heyn, Admiral Piet: and copper sheathing against shipworm 10
Hibernia, HMS (1905): build time 49n19
Hindenberg, SMS: at Jutland 45
Hindustan, HMS (1903): build time 49n19
HM Customs: offices at Pembroke Dockyard 32
Holden, Peter 32
holders-up (1906) 39
Holmen 90
Holl, Edward, Surveyor of Buildings
floor construction in iron buildings 31, 32, 32
and structural ironwork 31–6
Hong Kong Dockyard: disposal proposed (1957) 83
Hood, Admiral Samuel 23
Howard, Sir Philip: and ‘Mill’d lead’ sheathing 10
Howe, Richard, 1st Earl, First Lord of the Admiralty: and copper sheathing 26
Hunt, Mr, his composition against shipworm 19
Hunt, Edward, Surveyor of the Navy: and coppering ships 26
Huntington, Lt (? of marines), of HMS Canterbury 59
Hussar (28), HMS (1763): copper sheathing and mixed metal braces and pintles (1777) 20
hydraulic riveting tools 38
I
Île Longue nuclear submarine base 90
Implacable, HMS (1899): build time 49n19
Incomparable, HMS (planned 1915) 43
Indefatigable, HMS (1909)
at Jutland 44
wreck found 43
Innocent, Pope: Quam Amabilis Deo (bull, 1139–43) 66
Intrepid (64), HMS (1770): and Mr Jackson’s liquid against shipworm 17
Invincible (74), HMS (1765)
coppered using ‘prepared paper’ (1779) 22
false keel coppered 10
hull coppered (1772 or 1779) 18
Invincible, HMS (1906) 37, 43
construction 38–40
launch (1906) 39, 40
range finder 45
wreck found 43
Iraklion naval yard, Crete 69
Irish Ferries: offices at Pembroke Dockyard 32
Iron Duke, HMS (1912) 41, 48
iron fastenings (1777) 20
iron nails, electrolytic effect on copper sheathing 14
Irresistible, HMS (1898): build time 49n19
Isherwood, Harold 48
J
Jackson, Mr, liquid against shipworm
Sandwich’s opinion 18–19
to be tried in the Intrepid (1766) 18
Jackson, Captain H. B., Controller of the Navy 48n3
James, David 35
Jason (32), HMS (1763)
coppered at Deptford for a voyage to the Falklands (1765) 17
surveyed at Deptford (1767) 17
Jellicoe, Adam, Pay Clerk at Portsmouth Dockyard 54
Jellicoe, Captain J. R., Director of Naval Ordnance, later Director of the Navy 42, 46, 48n3, 49n6
and Pollen’s fire-control system 46
Jerusalem: hospital founded (1070s) 65
Jillyngham (Gillingham) Water 81
John Brown, Clydebank 38, 49n19
Johnson, Mr W., copper contractor 12
Jones, Captain Harry, joint Assistant to the Director of Naval Intelligence 49n6
Jupiter (50), HMS (1778): coppered (1778) 21
Jutland, Battle of (1916) 38, 43, 44
Dreadnought shell allowance 49n31
K
Karlskrona 90
Keir (or Kiers), James
and iron bolts 26
and mixed metal bolts 26
Kelvin, William Thompson, 1st Baron 46, 48n3
Kempenfelt, Admiral Richard 23
Kennedy, President John. F. 85
Keppel, Admiral Augustus: on coppering ships (1778) 20–21, 25
King, Commodore Sir Richard 24
King George V class battleships 45
Knights Hospitaller of the Order of St John 65–74
capture Rhodes (1309) 67
comptroller of the arsenal 68
corso (licensed piracy) 68
galleys 67–8
grand admiral 65
grand commander of Italy 68
grand commander of Provence 68
grand master 68
langues 65
members 65–6
move to Malta (1530) 70
naval arsenals 66–74
retire to Cyprus (1291) 66
slaves 71
square-rigged ships (18th c.) 71, 72
treasurer 68
Konver 92, 93
L
Langford, William: and copper sheathing 10–11
Launceston (40), HMS (1711) 60
Law, Vice-Admiral Sir Horace, Controller of the Navy (1968) 85
lead, for sheathing ships 10, 18
Lee, Mr, Master Caulker at Portsmouth Dockyard 10
Lennox-Boyd, Alan, Secretary of State for the Colonies (1957) 83
Leocadia (Spanish) (36) 23
Lindos 68
Linotype 45, 46, 48
Lion, HMS (1910): at Jutland 44, 50n38
Littleton, Captain (later Admiral) James: Commissioner of Chatham Dockyard 59
loftsmen (1905–6) 41, 49n15
London, HMS (1899): build time 49n19
Lord Nelson, HMS (1906)
build time 49n19
guns sent to HMS Dreadnought 41
Lorient 89–90
Louis of Battenberg, Rear-Admiral Prince, Director of Naval Intelligence 48n3, 50n55
Lusitania, RMS 38
M
MacDougall, Philip, ‘The Naval Arsenals of the Knights of St John’ 65–74
McKinney Act (1987) 93
Macmillan, Harold 84, 85
Madden, Captain C. E., Naval Assistant to the Controller 48n3, 49n6
Magellan, Straits of 15
Magicienne (French) (32) 23
Malta
Arsenal Salvago (or Arsenale d’Italia) 71
Birgu 67, 70, 71
British occupation (1800) 72
Corderia 72
dockyard (1654–85) 70–1
Fort Riccasoli 72
French Creek 71
Great Siege (1565) 70
Knights of St John gain 70
location map 67
Marsamxett Harbour 70
Porto del Galleare 70
regeneration of 91
ropery (British) 73
Royal Engineers’ Barracks, Floriana 91
San Cristoforo bastion 70
San Raphael of Cotonera bastion 71, 72
Santa Barbara bastion 70
Senglea shipbuilding and repair yard 71, 72–3
Sheer Bastion 73
shipbuilding materials required for the Knights of St John 72
Malta Dockyard (RN): disposal proposed (1957) 83
Malta Planning Authority 91
Marlborough (74), HMS (1764)
sheathed with lead at Chatham (1768) 18
sheathed with wood at Chatham (1770) 21
Mason, Edward, Clerk of the Acts: and copper sheathing 12
Medway (60), HMS (1755): part-coppered (1760) 12
Meon, River 52, 52, 55
Merlin (18), HMS (1757): part-coppered and part-sheathed (1762) 13
Middleton, Charles
coppering ships 21, 22
‘prepared paper’ to prevent electrolysis 21, 25
milled lead for sheathing ships 10
Miller, Adrianna 32, 33
Minerva (32), HMS (1759): copper sheathing and mixed-metal braces and pintles (1777) 20
Minuteman strategic missile 85
Mitchell, E. H., Assistant Constructor, RCNC 48n3
Mitchell, Thomas, Chief Constructor and Manager of the Portsmouth Constructive Department: knighted 41
mixed metal 20
Molins, Deptford 82
Moltke, SMS: at Jutland 44
Montagu, HMS (1901): build time 49n19
Moore, Captain Gordon, Director of Naval Ordnance 47–8, 50n40, 50n55
Morriss, Roger, ‘Victims, pariahs and survivors. The shaping of the government workforce 1815–1830’ 75–80
mould loft (Portsmouth Dockyard, 1905–6) 40, 41
Mountbatten, Lord Louis 83
mundic 19
Muscat, Joseph 73n8
Musk naval base 90
N
nails
copper nails introduced for copper sheathing 12
electrolytic effect of iron nails on copper sheathing 14
Narbeth, John H., Assistant Director of Naval Construction (1922) 40, 42
Narcisus (24), HMS (1781), fitted with mixed-metal parts (1777) 20
National Necessities (Fisher) 38
Naval Dockyards Society: visit to Pembroke Dockyard (2001) 32
Navy Board
abolition proposed (1832) 76
brass latten sheathing for ships 11
comptroller 75
copper sheathing for ships
Aurora, Stag, Hawke and Dolphin (1769–70) 17, 20
Charles Parry’s proposal (1708) 10–11
Medway and America (1760) 11
Norfolk and Panther (1759) 11
dockyard workforce (1830–3) 75
lead sheathing for ships 18
Mr Florry’s iron plates for preventing shipworm 18
Mr Jackson’s composition for preventing shipworm 17
mixed-metal parts (1777) 20
occupation of Malta 72–3
private agency abolished (1796) 76
report on fastenings in copper-bottomed ships (1783) 25
Robert Williams’ method for preserving ships’ bottoms 13
tar from sea coal for preserving ships’ bottoms 13
wood sheathing for ships: Merlin (1762) 13
Nelson, Richard, secretary to the Navy Board (1796–1820) 78
Network Demilitarised 91, 93
New Zealand, HMS (1904): build time 49n19
Nicholas, Captain Stuart, joint Assistant to the Director of Naval Intelligence 49n6
Norfolk (74), HMS (1757): part-coppered (1759) 11, 28n40
Nott, John, Defence Secretary (1981) 86
O
oak
for galley construction and repair (14th c.) 68
foreign v. British for shipbuilding (18th c.) 18
Ocelot, HMS (1962) 85
Office of Economic Readjustment (US) 93
Ollivier, Blaise 21
Onions, Peter, ironworks foreman at Merthyr Tydfil 54
Oregrun iron: tested at Portsmouth Dockyard (1783–86) 53
Orion, HMS (1910) 41
fire-control system 45
Orion-class battleships 38
Orpen, Commander H. 49n6
Ottoman Empire: and Knights of St John 67, 68
Ottley, Captain C. L., Director of Naval Intelligence 38, 49n6
Outremer 65, 66
P
PACTE 93
Paddington Station 34
Paldiski, Estonia 92
Pallas (36), HMS (1757): abandoned (1783) 24, 25
Palmers, Jarrow 41, 49n19
Panther (60), HMS (1758), part-coppered (1759) 12
Parker, Vice-Admiral Sir Peter, on copper-bottomed ships (1778) 20
Parry, Charles, and copper sheathing 10–11
Pater yard 76
Payne, Mr, assistant constructor (1905) 40
Payne, John: patents grooved rollers (1728) 53
Pegasus (14), HMS (1776): coppered at Chatham (1776) 19
Pelly, Rear Admiral D. H. R., Director of Dockyards (1957) 84
Pembroke Dockyard 31–2
caisson gate 34
Captain Superintendent’s office 33, 33–4
clock tower 32
closed (1947) 90
Dockyard Chapel 33
East Gun Tower 33, 34, 92
Guard House 34, 34
iron structures 31–7
No. 1 Storehouse 32, 32
No. 1 The Terrace (1818) 32
Nos. 1 and 2 slips 34
Nos. 3 and 4 slips 93
No. 7 slip 34
Nos. 8 and 9 slips 34
No. 39 building 32
Sunderland House (c. 1820) 33
Pembrokeshire County Council 32
Pensacola Harbour 16
Perseus (20), HMS (1776): coppered at Randall’s yard (c. 1775) 19
PHARE 93
pilgrims 66
pine: for galley construction and repair (14th c.) 68
Plymouth: as Admiralty borough (after 1832) 79
Plymouth Dock Provident Institution 77
Plymouth Dockyard
battleship building times (1893–1904) 49n19
Commissioner 77, 77–8
friendly societies (1816) 77
rope-spinning house constructed of cast iron (1813–15) 31
Royal William Victualling Yard
iron roof 31
location 92
Sandwich’s visitation (1771) 18
ships in Ordinary copper-fastened and re-coppered (1786) 26
Polaris strategic missile 85, 86
Polhem, Christoph: uses grooved rollers (1745) 53
Pollen, Arthur H.
Argo Company 47
fire-control system 45, 46, 47, 50n59
‘Fire Control and Long-Range Gunnery’ (1904) 46
and Lord Fisher 47
relationship with the Admiralty 50n54, 50n55
Polonceau, C. 33, 34
Port Famine 15
Portland (50), HMS (1770)
coppered using ‘prepared paper’ (1779) 22
trials Mr Hunt’s composition against shipworm (1771) 19
Portland Dockyard: closure (1958) 83, 84
Porto del Galere, Malta 70
location map 67
Porto del Mandraccio, Rhodes 67
Portsmouth Dockyard
battleship building times (1893–1904) 49n19
caisson gate 34
Clerk of the Survey (1819) 77–8
composition against shipworm (1737) 10
copper furnaces converted to sheathing plates (1768–70) 20
Fleet Maintenance and Repair Base (1984) 90
great basin, proposal to line the gates with copper against the shipworm 10
mooring chains 52
mould loft (1905–6) 40, 41
No. 5 slip 38
No. 6 boathouse 90
No. 11 store 93
part-coppers HMS Medway and America (1760) 12
part-coppers HMS Norfolk and Panther (1759) 12
pension society (1820) 77
Second Sea Lord’s offices 90
ships in Ordinary copper-fastened and re-coppered (1786) 26
wrought iron 51–6
Post Office packets, coppered 23–4
Pownall, Edward, Clerk of the Survey at Plymouth Dockyard (1819) 77–8
‘prepared paper’ for coppering ships 21
Priddy’s Hard, Gosport 91
Princess Royal, HMS (1911) 49n35
profanity, in the royal dockyards 78
Prosperine (r. Proserpine, 24) HMS (1777): copper sheathing and mixed-metal braces and pintles (1777) 20
Protheroe, Lt George, of HMS Canterbury 59
puddling process for producing wrought iron 53, 54
Q
Queen Elizabeth-class 47
Queen Elizabeth, HMS (1913) 41
Queen Mary, HMS (1912)
at Jutland 44, 50n38
wreck found 43
R
Ramillies (74), HMS (1763) 24, 25
Randall’s yard, Thames 19
range finders, in battlecruisers 43, 45, 46
Raymund II, Count of Tripoli 73n2
Renaval 91, 93
Rennie, John (the elder) 31
Rennie, Sir John 31
Renown (30), HMS (ex-Renommée) (1744): part-coppered (1762) 12
Renown, HMS (1916): build time 49n19
Repulse, HMS (1916): build time 49n19
reverbatory furnaces 53, 54
revisers 72
Rhodes 66, 67
captured by Suleiman the Magnificent (1522) 69
captured by the Knights of St John (1309) 67
galley fleet 68
locator map 69
naval arsenal 67
Porto del Mandraccio 67
Riley, Ray, ‘Henry Cort and the Development of Wrought Iron Manufacture in the 1780s: The Naval Connection’ 51–6
riveters (1906) 39
Roberts, John 41, 43, 44–5
Rochefort 89
Rodney, Admiral George 23
rollers, grooved, for iron working 53
Roebuck (44), HMS (1774): coppered using ‘prepared paper’ at Woolwich (1779) 21
Rosyth Dockyard 83, 85
Royal Commission on Ancient and Historical Monuments in Wales: and Pembroke Dockyard 32
Royal Dockyards: repayment work (after 1945) 82–3
Royal Engineers: and RN dockyard buildings 31
Royal George (110), HMS (1756)
capsized (1782) 24
coppered (1780) 22
Royal Gunpowder Factory, Woolwich 33
Royal Naval Cordite Factory, Holton Heath 92
Russel (74), HMS (1764), coppered using ‘prepared paper’ (1779) 22
Russel, HMS (1901): build time 49n19
Ryarsh, brick store at 82
S
St Helens, copper smelters 23
St Lo, Captain George, Commissioner of Chatham Dockyard 59, 60
St Vincent, HMS (1909): built at Portsmouth Dockyard 41, 49n19
Saintes, Battle of (1782) 23
Salisbury (50), HMS (1769): copper braces and pintles (1787) 30n188
Salvago, Fra Giolama 71
San Antonio di Padova (56) (1727) 72
San Giocomo (3rd rate) 73
San Giorgio (56) (1719) 72
San Giovanni (56) (1718) 72, 73
San Giovanni (frigate) (1798) 72
San Giuseppe (frigate) 73
San Vicenzo (56) (1720) 72
San Zacharia (frigate) (1765) 72
Sandys, Duncan: Defence Review (1957) 83
Santa Caterina (frigate) (1784) 72, 73
Santa Elizabetta (frigate) (1783) 72
Santa Maria del Pilar (frigate) (1733) 72
Santa Teresa (frigate) (1733) 72
Sandwich, John Montagu, 4th Earl of, First Lord of the Admiralty
compositions against shipworm 18, 19
copper sheathing for ships 13, 14–15
coppering programme (1778–79) 20, 21
experimental sheathing for ships (1773) 18
returns to office (1771) 18
visitation of Plymouth Dockyard (1771) 18
visitation of Sheerness Dockyard (1771) 26
visits George III (1779) 22
Scalmonte, Fra 71
Scarborough (20), HMS (1740)
sheathing treated with Mr Bernard’s composition (1773) 17
sheathing treated with Mr Jackson’s composition (1766) 17
Scott, Sir Percy 44, 45
Selkirk, George Douglas-Hamilton, 10th Earl of, First Lord of the Admiralty (1959) 84
Senglea Yard, Malta (1767) 71
Seppings, Robert: timber ship sheds 34
Seydlitz, SMS: at Jutland 44
sheathing against shipworm
‘black stuff’ 10
brads 10
‘brown stuff’ 10
‘common’ (deal or pine planks) 10
copper see copper
and electrolytic action 10
lead 10, 18
Mr Bernard’s composition for 19
Mr Bertaud’s composition for 13
Mr Bridge’s composition for 13
Mr Brisbane’s composition for 17
Mr Constable’s composition for 19
Mr Hunt’s composition for 19
Mr Jackson’s composition for 17
Mr Lee’s composition for 10
Mr Smith’s composition for 19
‘white stuff’ 10
zinc 23
Sheerness Dockyard
closure (1958–60) 83, 84, 90
ships in Ordinary copper-fastened and re-coppered (1786) 26
surgeon 76
trials Mr Constable’s composition against shipworm (1771) 19
tries Mr Florry’s iron plates (1772) 18
ships of the line: docking frequency 24
shipworm (Teredo navalis) 9
docking and careening ships infected by 10, 24
geographical distribution 9–10
life cycle 9–10
methods of prevention 12–13, 17; see also copper; sheathing
Shoram (32) (r. Shoreham), HMS (1694) 62
Shrewsbury (74), HMS (1758): condemned (1783) 24, 25
Singapore Dockyard: closure (1958) 83, 84
Sir John Hawkins’ Hospital, Chatham 59
Skybolt air-launched missile 85, 86
Slade, Thomas, Surveyor of the Navy, and copper sheathing 12
slaves, in Malta 71
slave ships, coppered 24
Smith, Mr (? Joachim), and composition against shipworm 19
Smith, Mr, copper contractor (1757) 29
Smith, George, secretary to the Navy Board (1823) 79n1
Sonne pinnace (1586) 81
Spanish navy: coppering programme 22–3
Spanker, HMS (stationary floating battery): coppered (1795) 27
spruce: for galley construction and repair (14th c.) 68
Stag (32), HMS (1758): coppered at Chatham (1769) 17, 20
Standard (64), HMS (1782): built with mixed-metal bolts 26
Stephens, Philip, Secretary of the Admiralty, and copper sheathing 12
Strutt, William, and fireproof textile mills (1790s) 31
subsistence money for artificers (1805) 77
Success (20), HMS (1740): sheathed with brads against the shipworm (1762) 10
Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan 68–9, 70
Sumida, Jon Tsuro 37, 45, 48
Superb, HMS (1907): build time 49n19
Swallow (14), HMS (1769), first fully coppered vessel
coppered at Deptford (1770) 17, 20
re-coppered at Bombay (1776) 17
Swallow packet, coppered at Deptford (1778) 24
Sweden
copper supply to the French navy 23
copper supply to the Royal Navy 19
Swedish navy, coppering programme 23
Swift (14), HMS (1777): coppering delayed for want of copper sheets (1777) 19
T
Taaffe, Emma, ‘From mortar mixers to nuclear submarines: some extracts from the post-1945 history of Chatham dockyard’, 81–7
Tamar (or Tamer) (18), HMS (1758)
careened in Port Royal yard, Jamaica (1765) 16
carries spare iron braces because of electrolysis 15
condition of (1765) 15
coppered for the Pacific (1764) 15
surveyed at Deptford (1766) 16
Tartar (28), HMS (1756): coppered for a voyage to Jamaica (1763) 15
Tartar Indiaman 24
Taylor, George Ledwell, Surveyor of Buildings 31, 33
Temeraire, HMS (1907): build time 49n19
Teonge, Henry 71
Terrible (74), HMS (1762) 24, 25
textile mills, fireproof 31
Thames Iron Works 49n18
Thomas, Roger, ‘The Building of HMS Dreadnought and Dreadnought Battlecruiser Gunnery 1905–1916’ 37–50
Thompson, Mrs Robert 59
Thorneycroft, Sir John 48n3
Thunderer, HMS (1911): fire-control system 45
Thynne (packet), coppered at Deptford (1775) 24
Teredo navalis see shipworm
Tiger, HMS (1913): at Jutland 44
tilt hammers 53
Toulon 71
Trial, The (Carlile) 78
Trincomalee (38), HMS (1817): copper sheathing 28n54
Truman Annexe, Florida 92
Tucker, Malcolm, ‘Structural Ironwork at Pembroke Dock, a Microcosm of Naval Practice’ 31–6
Turkey: pirates 67
Tweedmouth, Edward Marjoribanks, 2nd Baron, First Lord of the Admiralty 46
U
Unicorn (20), HMS (1776): coppered at Randall’s yard 19
University of Portsmouth 90
V
Valletta, Malta
construction (16th c.) 70
galley arsenal (1570) 70
location map 67
Vanguard, HMS (1909): build time 49n19
Venerable, HMS (1899): build time 49n19
Venice
Arsenale 89, 92, 93
docks dismantled (1917) 89
Ventova, Giovanni Battista: arsenal at Birgu, Malta 70
verdigris (electrolysis) 16: see also electrolysis
Vickers shipyard, Barrow-in-Furness 41, 47, 49n19, 84, 85
builds HM Submarine Resolution (1966) 85
Vie (or Vié), John 59
Victory (100), HMS (1765), coppered (1780) 22
Victualling Board and Office
abolition proposed (1832) 76
accountant for cash (1814) 77
in Malta 73
Portsmouth: contracts with Cort for iron hoops (1780) 52
Ville de Paris (110), HMS (1764): lost in a hurricane (1782) 24
Villiers de l’Isle Adam 70
Von der Tann, SMS: at Jutland 44
Vulture (merchant): coppered (1778) 23
W
Wales, copper mines see Anglesey, copper mines
Ward, Henry, Jr, Foreman of the Joiners at Chatham Dockyard 62
Watkinson, Harold, Minister of Defence (1960) 85
Watson, Major Francis, and ‘Mill’d lead’ sheathing 10
Watts, Sir Philip, Director of Naval Construction 38, 48n3
and Dreadnought (1905) 40, 42
Where are we going: A review of the Supporting Organisation to Serve the Fleet 83
White, Arnold 47
‘white stuff’, for sheathing ships 10
Williams, Robert, and shipworm 13
Wilson, Admiral of the Fleet Sir Arthur: and fire-control systems 46–7, 48, 50n48
Winget, Rochester 82, 83
Winslow, Rear-Admiral A. L., Commanding Officer of Torpedo and Submarine Flotillas 48n3
Wismayer, Joseph 72
Woolwich: as Admiralty borough (after 1832) 79
Woolwich Dockyard
builds HMS Minerva (50) with copper bolts and sheathing (1778) 21
Clerk of the Cheque’s office 76–7
Commissioner (1819) 78
coppers HMS Alarm (30) (1761) 13
coppers HMS Alarm (30) (1763) 15
coppers HMS Dolphin (24) (1764) 15
iron roofs 33
part-coppers and part-sheathes HMS Merlin (1762) 12, 13
part-coppers HMS Renown (30) (1762) 10
religious conformity (1819) 78
surveys HMS Alarm on her return from Jamaica (1763) 14
Timber Master and officer 76, 78
workforce (1824) 76
X
X1, HM Submarine: built at Chatham (1923) 85
xili (Lindos) 68
Y
Yexley, Lionel 43
Young, Captain Walter 23 and n
Z
Zeiss range finder 45
zinc sheathing, for merchant vessels 23
Naval Dockyards Society 